Cementitious applications of ground blastfurnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag used as a partial replacement for portland cement. Study of rehydration of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Portland cement may be grey or white gamble, william, 2005. Blastfurnace cement definition and meaning collins. Just like portland cement, ggbfs must be finely ground before it can be used in concrete. Control of early thermal cracking of raft foundation by using. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in portland. The hydration reaction forms a gellike material called calcium silicate hydrate.
Characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. They include portland cement as covered by aashto m85 2, portland blast furnace slag cement blended cement type is, and slag cement slag cement type s as per aashto m240. The clinkers of cement are ground with about 60 to 65 per cent of slag. Identification of the substancemixture and of the company 1.
Environmental friendly cement green cement portland slag cement is manufactured by intergrinding portland cement clinker, gypsum and furnacegranulatedslag. In this study, hydrated cement pastes hcps prepared from portland blast furnace slag cement pbfsc, were heat treated at 700. Supersulfated cement is a mixture of ground granulated slag, gypsum or anhydrite, and a small amount of portland cement. Being able to reduce the amount of portland cement used in concrete with a lower energyemissions material, such as blast furnace slag, would have a large impact on reducing those emissions. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as slag, is a glassy granular material formed when molten blastfurnace slag is rapidly chilled, as by immersion in water. Portland blast furnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. Pdf this investigation dealt with the effect of active silica, silica fume sf or rice husk ash rha, on the mechanical and physicochemical. Properties significant chemoresistance, and suppression of alkaliaggregate reaction type b and c.
Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as. Cem i portland cement ordinary cem ii portland composite cement cem iii blast furnace slag cement cem iv pozzolanic cement cem v composite cement the types of cements produced in turkey. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag gcp applied technologies. Studies on portland blastfurnace slag cement with limestone. Chemical admixtures and ground granulated blastfurnace slag.
Portland cement, portland cement with fly ash, portland cement with ground limestone, portland cement with blast furnace slag, portland pozzolan cement and composite cement. Using slag cement in concrete can greatly decrease the amount of portland cement typically used for a specific mixture of concrete. Some of the raw materials used to manufacture cement are limestone, shells, and chalk or. Cement australia off white cement is a special purpose.
The first recorded production of blended cement in which blast furnace slag was combined with portland cement was in germany in 1892. Until the 1950s, ggbfs was used in production of cement or as a cementitious material in two basic ways. Portland cement typically requires about 55 kwht for clinker grinding, while fly ash cement with 25% fly ash typically requires 60 kwht and blast furnace slag cement with 65% slag 80 kwht these are typical grinding numbers only used to determine the additional grinding energy required by additives, not best practice. Fe2o3 c4af 58 aluminoferrite tricalcium aluminate 3 cao. Documents that specify or describe the chemical and physical properties of. It is a nonmetallic product, consisting of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases, developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.
Portland blast furnace slag cement pastes with 5% limestone as a retarder have been investigated. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. The ingredients, proportions and physical requirements of type is cement are listed in astm c595, standard specification for blended hydraulic cements. In fine particle form, slag cement displays cementitious qualities similar to those of ordinary portland cement opc. The slag is a waste product in the manufacturing process of pigiron and it contains the basic elements of cement, namely, alumina, lime and silica. It consists of nonmetallic minerals, which are tapped off from the blast furnace while molten. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. Environmental impact analysis of blast furnace slag applied. When mixed with water and portland cement the traditional way that slag cement is used, the concrete sets and hardens into a solid monolithic mass.
Portland blast furnace slag cement is particularly suitable for. Blastfurnace slag is used in the production of cement or cementitious materials in two basic ways. Nonportland cement activation of blast furnace slag. The reaction of slag in cement university of twente research. Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. Blastfurnace cement definition and meaning collins english. Portland cement clinker 81 96 65997151 gypsum 4 9 7778189 limestone 0 5 17653 granulated blast furnace slag 0 5 65996692 kiln bag house dust 0 5 69012631 lime kiln dust 0 2 5788 quartz crystalline silica 0 0.
The hydration kinetics measured from the free lime and combined water contents as wellas mechanical properties have been determined. Materials of construction cement 24 types of cements, ts en 1971 covers 27 standard cements classified into five main types. Utilization of slag cement in concrete not only lessens the. One of the blended materials, limestone, kiln dust, fly ash and volcanic ash, is allowed to replace the slag. Slag cement can therefore be substituted for opc in a wide range of equal mass replacement ratios. Foundation by using slagcrete portland blast furnace cement pbfc a dissertation submitted by kong mun kai in fulfilment of the requirements of course eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering civil engineering submitted. Portland blastfurnace slag cements make up the most successful and widely used variety of slag cements. History of use use of separatelyground slag combined with portland cement at the mixer began in south africa more than 30 years ago. Because the root blast furnace slag material would otherwise be discarded after separation from molten iron, the u. C and used in the preparation of rehydrated cement powders in air rcpsair and rehydrated cement paste rcps with watercement ratios wc of 0. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Modified portland cement portlandpozzolan cement, pozzolan. Variations in portland cement source caused changes in strength and scaling resistance properties. Itisalsomanufactured by blending opc with ground granulated blast furnace slag through mechanical blenders.
A mixture of portland cement 90 % and silica fume 10 %. By processing blast furnace slag into slag cement or slag aggregate, the material is diverted from landfills. Granulated blast furnace slag is used as a component in portland cement manufacture. Blastfurnace cement definition of blastfurnace cement by. Portlandcomposite cement, blast furnace cement, masonry cement, hydraulic road binder print date. The mixed amount of granular blast furnace slag in cement is 20% 70% by weight. Types of portland cement portland cement is a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and small amounts of other compounds, to which gypsum is added in the final grinding process to regulate the setting time of the concrete. Portland blast furnace cement simply called slag cement refers to the hydraulic binding material ground by mixing portland cement clinker, granular blast furnace slag, and appropriate amount of gypsum, codenamed p s. Portland cement opc, portland pozzolana cement ppc, portland blast furnace slag cement pbfs, oil well cement, rapid hardening portland cement and sulphate resisting portland cement. It is generally recognized that the rate of hardening of slag cement is somewhat slower than that of ordinary portland cement during the first 28 days but thereafter increases so that at 12 months the strengths become close to or even exceed those of. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Is, portland blast furnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete. This study was conducted based on the iso 1404014044 standards to analyze the environmental impact caused by blast furnace slag utilization for ordinary portland cement production in typical.
The primary ingredient of slag cement is granulated blast furnace slag gbfs that is ground to a fine powder. Ground granulated blast furnace slags complying with as3582. Substance portland clinker cement flue dust from production of cement clinker einecs 2660434 2706599 cas 65997151 68475763 effects. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blastfurnace slag.
The portland cement concrete shall consist of a homogeneous mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, admixtures, and pozzolan when used, proportioned and mixed according to these specifications. Portland blastfurnace slag cement is a mixture of ordinary portland cement and not more than 65 wt. A blend of cement kiln dust, fly ash, and cement used to make concrete blocks for basement walls. The first recorded production of portland blast furnace slag cement was in germany in 1892. Because of slow setting and low rate of strength gain characteristics, it is now seldom used.
Mechanochemical modification of cement with high volumes. Properties of blastfurnace cements cem iiia, b, c based on portland cement clinker, blastfurnace slag and cement kiln dusts. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in portland cement. According to van oss 2015, 7,600,000 mg of iron blast. Chemical admixtures and ground granulated blastfurnace slag since most chemical admixtures perform well in plain portland cement mixtures and in portland cement and fly ash concrete, it. A portland cement mixed with a designated amount of ground granulated blast furnace slag.
In blast furnace cement, the slag as obtained from blast furnace is used. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. The latent hydraulic property of the blast furnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. Guidebook for using the tool lawrence berkeley national. Cements, blast furnace cement, portland cement, composition, strength of materials, physical properties of materials, chemical properties, marking, cement and concrete technology ics 91. The share of blended cement in total cement production has increased from 29 per cent in 199798 to 54.
Portland slag cement is commonly used for the following applications. Portland blastfurnace slag cement definition of portland. The latent hydraulic property of the blastfurnace slag gives excellent longterm strength. The use of ggbfs in portland cement is governed by aashto m302. Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsections. The results revealed that the limestone can be used instead of gypsum as a retarder. Is, portland blastfurnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete. Cementitious applications of ground granulated blast furnace slag mf 1845 national slag association. Other cements complying with as3972 general purpose and blended cements. Cements, blastfurnace cement, portland cement, composition, strength of materials, physical properties of materials, chemical properties, marking, cement and concrete technology ics 91.
If the ggbfs is ground by itself, it can be blended mechanically with cement at the cement mill to make astm c595, type is, portland blastfurnace slag cement, or it can be added at the concrete plant to make slag concrete. Cement mert yucel yardimci pdf book manual free download. The ground blast furnace slag concrete is significantly more resistant to the diffusion of chlorine than the portland cement of the same grade. The nbot ratio for the glass in normal granulated blastfurnace slag. Blast furnace cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Off white cement is compatible with both fly ash and blast furnace slag.
Portland cement, portland blast furnace slag cement, slag modified portland cement, portland pozzolan cement, a combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag, a combination of portland cement and fly ash, a. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Researchers have studied the dehydration and rehydration of portland cement. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses. Acpa american concrete pavement association admixture a material other than water, aggregates, and portland cement including airentraining portland cement, and portland blast furnace slag cement that is used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the batch before and during the mixing operation. While all applications of blast furnace slag in cement will be mentioned at least briefly, the major emphasis will be on the combinations of portland cement with the slag portland blast furnace slag cements and the ground glassy slags that can be used for this application.
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